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The magic of the unexpected: How chance drives innovation in agriculture

Beyond strategy: The secret ingredient of innovation

On the road to success, organizations define strategies, plan every step and invest in crucial resources such as selling services and products, applying for projects, drawing up solid business plans and protecting intellectual property. However, there is an element that is often overlooked, but which is fundamental to the flourishing of innovation: serendipity. But what exactly is this mysterious force and why is it so vital to the advancement of agriculture and so many other areas?

When chance opens doors: The power of unplanned discovery

Serendipity is the art of finding something valuable when you're looking for something else. It's the unintentional discoveries that arise from unexpected situations. Throughout history, some of the most transformative innovations have not been the result of a rigorous plan, but rather a chance encounter with the unknown. While deliberate research and methodical experimentation are pillars of scientific and technological progress, openness to the unexpected proves to be a powerful catalyst. When researchers cultivate this openness, they often stumble upon revelations that have the potential to revolutionize entire industries, transform technologies and expand our understanding of the world around us.

A close look at “error”: The genesis of an innovative biofungicide

Today, we unveil the surprising and inspiring story of Maria Miguel, a talented researcher from InPP's New Biopesticides Department, whose acumen turned a chance event into a priceless discovery: a broad-spectrum biofungicide capable of combating the Botrytis cinerea, the relentless fungus responsible for the devastating gray rot disease in tomato plants. This pathology represents one of the biggest phytosanitary challenges in tomato cultivation, especially when grown in greenhouses, causing significant losses to producers if it is not controlled in good time.

From discard to discovery: The insight of a researcher

The journey of this discovery began in a setting familiar to any researcher: the observation of Petri dishes, used to grow cultures of cells or microorganisms. On Maria Miguel's plates, colonies of the fungus Botrytis cinerea were growing, intentionally introduced there for study. However, something else caught her eye: one of the plates was contaminated by mold, and curiously, a clear area surrounded this intruder. Instead of discarding the plate and dismissing it as mere contamination, Maria Miguel decided to investigate the reason behind the clear area. Her curiosity revealed that the mold had a surprising ability to prevent the growth of Botrytis cinerea in its vicinity.

“Sometimes we look at something and think it's a mistake. The truth is that in a failure there can be something good,” the researcher shares. The excitement and enthusiasm of a researcher realizing that what at first glance seemed like an obstacle, a negative result, could actually be an opportunity, is contagious. For Maria Miguel, this “mistake” turned into a serendipitous discovery with enormous potential.

Maria Miguel, a researcher at InPP's New Biopesticides Department, who turned an unexpected event into a discovery that changed the course of her work: a broad-spectrum biofungicide to combat gray rot in tomato plants.

Beyond chance: The active ingredients of scientific discovery

As the history of this biofungicide shows, the world of science is full of examples of discoveries that came out of the blue. One of the most famous cases is Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928. While observing Petri dishes, Fleming noticed that a mold was producing a substance that eliminated bacteria Staphylococcus aureus around him. He identified the mold as Penicillium notatum and named his revolutionary antibiotic penicillin. Penicillin ended up becoming an extremely important medicine for fighting infections.

However, chance is not the only protagonist of these important revelations. “Sometimes we have to follow our intuition and be able to prove ourselves right or wrong,” explains Maria Miguel. In addition to intuition, a generous dose of curiosity, an open mind to accept unexpected results, solid scientific knowledge and the ability to see and move on to further research into surprising results play a crucial role in the alchemy of discovery.

The discovery ecosystem: Fostering an environment conducive to innovation

There are other ingredients that contribute to the recipe for scientific success:

  • Creativity: The ability to generate new perspectives, concepts, questions or solutions, and the willingness to explore existing ideas in a new light.
  • Flexibility: The courage to venture into unknown territory without the fear of failure, thus increasing the chances of serendipitous encounters.

But no discovery flourishes in isolation. At InPP, the strong team spirit and culture of collaboration transcend departmental boundaries. The case of Maria Miguel's discovery is testimony to this synergy, as she herself acknowledges: “My colleagues opened doors so that I could do my research”.

To foster innovation, organizations need to cultivate an environment that encourages open discussions and connects people from different areas of knowledge and life experiences, without judgment; that encourages curiosity and receptiveness to new experiences; and that promotes an incessant quest to improve scientific knowledge, the fertile ground where serendipity can germinate.

Sowing the future: The impact of a discovery and the path of research

Although Maria Miguel is about to embark on a new journey, boosted by a prestigious Marie Skłodowska-Curie PhD scholarship - a program that supports the careers of researchers and promotes excellence and innovation in research - her legacy at InPP is already flourishing. Her groundbreaking discovery is opening promising new doors for future research in the field of crop protection, demonstrating how sometimes it is in the unexpected that the potential to transform our world lies.

InPP featured in Frutas, legumes e flores magazine

In the March issue of Fruits, vegetables and flowers you will find the opinion article entitled “The role of InnovPlantProtect in Organic Farming: Paths to sustainable and efficient solutions”, in which the executive director of InnovPlantProtect (InPP), António Saraiva, reveals how our CoLAB is contributing to the success of organic farming.

“By boosting research, collaboration and knowledge sharing, InPP is helping to solve the central challenges of this practice [organic farming], allowing it to expand and enhancing the supply of agricultural products to consumers. The solutions developed by InPP make organic farming a more viable option for producers,” says the executive director.

Read the full article and find out how we are shaping the future of agriculture.

We thank Frutas, legumes e flores magazine for its recognition and reiterate our commitment to the agriculture of the future.

Smart Vineyards: AI helps monitor vine health and fight green leafhopper

Imagine a future where drones and artificial intelligence work together to protect your vineyards. That's what the AI4Leafhopper project is making a reality!

Manisha Sirsat, a researcher on the AI4Leafhopper team, has developed two artificial intelligence models that analyze the aerial images captured by our latest generation drone... and these models make it possible:

  • geolocation of each vine
  • to know if there are vine failures
  • quickly identify “sick” vines”
  • optimize the application of treatments

The result? Growers can have a detailed view of the health of their vineyards, detect problems early and make more informed decisions.

Find out all about it here.

AI4Leafhopper is a project led by InPP and funded by the ICAERUS Horizon Europe program, which began in April 2024 and ended on April 30 with a final meeting involving the six European projects approved in the 1st edition of the ICAERUS program's PULL applications. The project team presented the AI-based models for detecting and monitoring the impact of the green leafhopper on vineyards.

EVENTS

Comparing genomes to understand the “tricks” of microbes

Sometimes, if you're inside a building, it's hard to tell whether or not it's raining outside. However, you will easily conclude that it is raining if you see people with open umbrellas. The umbrella is an accessory that helps human beings deal with their environment.

Bacteria can also use “accessories” to better cope with their environments. These accessories, however, have much more profound effects on the lives of microbes, as they take the form of genes that can be integrated into their own genomes. These “accessory” genes are obtained from other microbes or from the environment, and can play various roles, from allowing bacteria to resist antibiotics to enabling symbiotic associations with plants.

Image: Adrianna Calvo/ Pexels

At InPP, the Data Management and Risk Analysis Department is comparing bacterial genomes to identify those that have “accessory” genes that can help plants defend themselves better against pathogens. On the other hand, these analyses also allow us to rule out bacterial strains that could have adverse effects. This information will be crucial for identifying microbes and microbial characteristics that are important for plant protection.

First gene transfer from a plant to an insect identified

Tobacco whitefly uses a stolen gene to avoid the host's defenses. The discovery is highly relevant to pest control.

The first known case of a natural gene transfer from a plant to an insect has been identified by an international team of researchers. The insect is a whitefly and the discovery could pave the way for new pest control strategies, according to a report published in the newspaper Nature.

Scientists have discovered that Bemisia tabaci appropriated a gene from a host plant millions of years ago, reveals a article published in Cell. The gene allows this pest to neutralize a toxin produced by certain plants to defend themselves against insects.

Some whiteflies use plant genes to render toxins harmless. Image: Gaucho/ Wiki

This aleirodid, also known as the bean or sweet potato whitefly, although it attacks many other vegetable crops, is a worldwide pest and one of the most destructive we know of. A Bemisia tabaci ingests the sugary sap of hundreds of types of plants, excreting a sweet, sticky substance, honeydew, which then serves as a medium for fungi to grow. Whiteflies are also vectors for more than a hundred viruses that are pathogenic to plants.

“It's a remarkable example of how the study of evolution can underpin new approaches to applications such as crop protection,” says Andrew Gloss, who studies plant-pest interactions at the University of Chicago in the USA. The study suggests that inhibiting the gene identified could make this whitefly vulnerable to the toxin, opening up a new way of combating this pest.

Alternative strategy to protect crops without genetic modification

Protecting plants from pathogens without genetically modifying crops? A team of Chinese researchers suggests an alternative strategy in the latest issue of Plant Communications.

The biotechnological methods that currently exist to create crops that are resistant to pests and diseases are limited in their applicability, mainly because they are based on transgenics or surface application (which does not allow access to the inner areas of the plant). A scientists' proposal involves the use of small RNA produced by beneficial microbes for crop protection, guaranteeing the stability and delivery of these RNAs to the appropriate place and time.

RNA associated with beneficial microbes in the microbiome to protect crops against pathogens.

The strategy, which eliminates “the need for genetic modification of cultures”, assumes that small RNAs (sRNAs) can be transferred from the microbiome to the host and pathogen, or between elements of the microbiome.

sRNAs are the crucial molecular devices of so-called gene silencing via RNA interference, a mechanism that regulates gene expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

Title of original article: Trans-kingdom RNAs and their fates in recipient cells: advances, utilization, and perspectives

doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100167