In viticulture, every little decision has an impact: on the soil, on the health of the plants and on the quality of the grapes that form the basis of the wine that reaches our table. The future of viticulture may depend on a single biosolution. Or a hundred. In VINNY, an ambitious European project of which InPP is a part, researchers from ten countries are looking for bioactives capable of curbing vine diseases - and, at the same time, reducing dependence on synthetic agrochemicals. What's at stake is not just science: it's the sustainability of this industry.
The aim of the VINNY project is simple but transformative: develop and implement effective, sustainable solutions and adaptable to the needs of winegrowers in various European countries, creating environmentally friendly biopesticides and biofertilizers, and advanced nano-encapsulation technologies, to reduce dependence on conventional chemicals and promote a healthier ecosystem and a better environment and a circular viticulture.
And at the heart of this mission is an essential cog in the wheel: the daily work of the researchers who search for answers invisible to the human eye - as is the case with Tiago Amaro, a researcher at InPP.
Image credits: VINNY Project
Searching for the Guardians of the Vine
The road to these new biosolutions begins in the field, with the vine. The initial work of Tiago Amaro, started in September 2024 and focuses on identifying and isolating microorganisms naturally present in the vines themselves, in samples received from partners in Portugal, Spain, Austria and Denmark.
From grapes, sticks or woody fragments, small microscopic worlds arrive in the laboratory that may contain the natural weapons needed to fighting three major threats to the vineyard, with a direct impact on farm profitability: - A gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold (Penicillium expansum): Fungi that cause post-harvest diseases, In the case of wine grapes, this affects the quality of the wine and makes it completely impossible to sell table grapes. - The vine tumors: Caused by bacteria Allorhizobium vitis, This disease affects the plant in the field, causing leaf fall and reduced grape production.
Tiago Amaro, InnovPlantProtect researcher, identifying and isolating bacteria as part of the VINNY project. Image credits: InnovPlantProtect - Inês Ferreira
After isolating the microorganisms, Tiago dedicated himself to creating libraries of bacteria. What is a ‘Bacteria Library’? In the context of the investigation, a bacteria library is an organized and catalogued collection of bacteria isolated from different sources. It allows scientists to test each strain of bacteria against specific pathogens, constituting a vast catalog of potential biological ‘superheroes’ for plant protection.
This rigorous screening, which has already led to the analysis of more than 190 bacteria of this library is the first line of defense. The team selects the best candidates with the potential to be used as biological control agents against the diseases under study.
The Power of European Collaboration
What if the solution to protecting Portuguese vineyards is hidden in a Danish grape? Or in a bacterium isolated in Spain? One of the most exciting aspects of the project is its truly collaborative dimension, where researchers from ten countries are working in parallel, sharing answers, challenges and microorganisms in search of effective biosolutions for the whole of Europe.
“All the solutions found will be shared, all the solutions will be tested by all the partners and it will be possible to build a ‘library of solutions’ against the various vine diseases“ emphasizes researcher Tiago Amaro.
The sharing of bacteria and extracts from different ecosystems (Portugal, Spain, Denmark and Austria) is crucial. An effective bacterium in Denmark could be the key to protecting Portuguese vineyards, and vice versa. This exchange of biological solutions, one of the innovative pillars of the project, makes it possible to exploit the microbial biodiversity beyond national borders. InPP has the fundamental role of testing, in grapes, the solutions discovered by our team as well as by other national and European partners.
This diversity of tests is a bet on the future: microorganisms that don't prove effective against vine diseases could be the solution for pathologies in other crops.
Left photo: Tiago Amaro, InPP researcher, observing a grapevine leaf, the target crop of the VINNY project, Right photo: Potted grapevine plants in the InPP greenhouse, ready to test the solutions found by the various VINNY partners. Image credits: InnovPlantProtect - Inês Ferreira
The Real Test: From the Lab to the Field
After selection in the laboratory, the next step - the formulation of the most promising bacteria - will be carried out in Portugal and Spain, at the University of Minho and the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. But it is in the field-testing phase that the greatest challenge of plant protection science lies, because even brilliant results in the laboratory can fail in the field. Formulation is the process that turns a bacterium into a product - stable, applicable and compatible with the farmer's needs.
Tiago Amaro emphasizes necessary resilience:
Field Uncertainty: Often, promising solutions in the laboratory or greenhouse are not as effective when applied in the field, due to environmental variables (climate, soil, etc.).
The Time Factor: Diseases such as Allorhizobium vitis may take a long time to develop, or the infection may not be relevant in certain years, which makes it difficult to obtain robust conclusions.
The Agricultural Cycle: It is necessary to test the formulation in the field during three to five consecutive years, and recording all the variations observed. With only one harvest a year, this process requires patience and persistence.
In total, from the discovery of a promising bacterium to the creation of a formulated product, proven to be effective and ready for the market, it can take around 10 years - a real test of any scientist's resilience.
Customized solutions: the new requirement of modern agriculture
The final challenge is to ensure that the tests are relevant to the producer's reality. The current trend in the agricultural sector is the search for customized solutions, adapted to the specific conditions of the farms: “There has to be a solution for every field and every farmer”, says the researcher.
This personalized approach requires more science, more rigor and more local knowledge - exactly what VINNY seeks to build.
A Europe united by science and the vine
InPP is part of this consortium, made up of 19 partners from ten countries, The project is led by the University of Minho and funded by the Horizon Europe program.
Together, they seek to answer a question that could shape the future of European viticulture: Will it be possible to find effective biosolutions for all partner countries?
The answer is still being written - in laboratories, in experimental vineyards, in fields in different climates and geographies. And it's made up of small discoveries, many frustrations and a huge commitment to science.
Because protecting the vineyard of the future is not just a technical ambition. It is a cultural, economic and environmental commitment. And VINNY is helping to design that future - one microorganism at a time.
The final workshop highlighted three years of research dedicated to the early detection of pathogens in crops such as wheat and olive groves.
The project AlViGen has reached its final stretch, concluding three years of research focused on the genomic surveillance of agricultural diseases. The results now presented promise to strengthen the Alentejo agricultural sector's ability to respond to emerging phytosanitary threats.
On the day October 23rd, The final project workshop, The event brought together researchers, producers and technicians to share results and reflect on the future of genomic surveillance in Portuguese agriculture.
A pioneering genomic surveillance center
During AlViGen, the Alentejo's first genomic surveillance center, an infrastructure with capacity for early detection of diseases in strategic crops such as wheat and olive grove. This breakthrough marks a decisive step towards a more precise, sustainable and science-based agriculture.
Results and scientific contributions
Using innovative molecular tools, the project team succeeded:
Identify pathogenic fungi before visible symptoms appear on the plants;
Characterizing yellow rust strains, genetically linking them to others known at a global level;
Detecting resistance genes in wheat to the strains currently present in Portugal;
Developing diagnostic methods able to distinguish the different species of the fungus that causes gafa in olive groves.
During the workshop, the potential of the analysis of the airborne fungi community as a tool for early warning for multiple pathogens, allowing for more effective and preventive management of crop diseases.
From research to practical application
The event ended with a debate on how transform AlViGen results in a detection and warning service accessible to the agricultural sector. The initiative reflects the joint commitment between science, innovation and production, with a view to protecting national agriculture from the challenges of the future.
Partnerships and thanks
InnovPlantProtect would like to thank all the partners and funders of the project: University of Évora, John Innes Centre, INIAV, De Prado, CERSUL, Eugénio de Almeida Foundation, Torre das Figueiras Estate, Almojanda, Malheiro Estate, Directorate-General for Food and Veterinary (DGAV), la Caixa“ Foundation”, BPI Bank e Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).
InPP took part in the kick-off meeting for the European PROSPER project, held on October 2 and 3 in Pavia, Italy. In attendance were the director of the Monitoring and Diagnostics Department, Ilaria Marengo, and the project manager, Bruno Orrico.
PROSPER's main objective is to transform European agriculture by valorizing highly resilient “orphan” legumes - forgotten crops, but full of potential to face the climate and food challenges of the future.
The project promotes sustainable, innovative practices adapted to different agricultural realities.
Over the two days, 27 partners from 13 countries met for presentations, in-depth discussions and strategic talks about the project's next steps.
We are excited about what comes next, certain that this journey will be more than a collaboration - it will be a true cooperation within an exceptional team.
Join us and keep up to date with all the news from the PROSPER Project!
The Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre is now a member of InnovPlantProtect (InPP), joining the 12 founding members: Câmara Municipal de Elvas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Universidade de Évora, Syngenta Crop Protection, Bayer Crop Science, Fertiprado, Federação Nacional das Organizações de Produtores de Frutas e Hortícolas (FNOP), Associação Nacional de Produtores de Milho e Sorgo (Anpromis), Associação Nacional de Produtores de Proteaginosas, Oleaginosas e Cereais (ANPOC) and Casa do Arroz.
“Joining the InnovPlantProtect collaborative laboratory is a decisive step towards affirming the Polytechnic of Portalegre as a research and investment attraction hub for the Alentejo region, capable of boosting the creation of qualified jobs and densifying the country's interior, reinforcing the relevance of this region to the growth and development of the Portuguese agricultural sector,” says Luís Loures, president of the Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre (IPPortalegre).
In a note published on IPPortalegre's website, it can be read that this association was already expected, “considering the growing cooperation between the two entities, in particular through the Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas - IPPortalegre”. IPPortalegre now hopes to contribute to, among other things: increasing CoLAB's capabilities in the area of applied biological sciences, boosting participation in research projects with complementary lines of work; boosting internships and other practical activities in InnovPlantProtect's research areas for students from the Polytechnic; increasing and diversifying the number of partners of the laboratory, with intervention in the agricultural area, thus boosting its capacity to penetrate the regional economic fabric in its area of activity.
With 15 centers across the country and a foot in six collaborative laboratories, the president of the National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research sees InnovPlantProtect, based at the Elvas Center, as a complementary arm that strengthens INIAV's link with industry. The big impact of CoLAB? It will come, guarantees Nuno Canada, when it manages to put bio-based molecules or solutions on the market for plant protection and post-harvest, which solve national problems but can be marketed on a global scale.
Text: Eva Ceia/ InnovPlantProtect Photo: Joaquim Miranda
How important is the InnovPlantProtect (InPP) collaborative laboratory for the National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV)?
INIAV is a nationwide structure with 15 centers throughout the country, with various scientific themes, and which is active in the areas of agriculture and food, forests and biodiversity, as well as territorial development, particularly in rural areas. It is the largest national research structure in these areas. INIAV is positioned at the interface between the national scientific system and companies, production organizations and the territory.
It therefore has a strong focus on the dimension of knowledge and technology transfer. From this point of view, it is very interested in the emergence of these collaborative arrangements, both competence centers and collaborative laboratories, and has supported the creation of these structures since their inception. INIAV has supported the creation of 22 competence centers and six collaborative laboratories, as these are structures that will strengthen the national research and innovation ecosystem in this area of knowledge and technology transfer.
Since plant protection is one of INIAV's core areas of activity, InnovPlantProtect complements our work and strengthens this link with companies. That's why we were so interested in supporting and being part of this collaborative laboratory when the Interface program came along.
Why was InPP set up at INIAV's Elvas Campus?
The Elvas Center is one of INIAV's 15 centers. It is one of the most important in national terms and has great regional relevance; in this area of innovation and research, it is the most important structure in the region. Its activity is strongly linked to the sector, to the various value chains - cereals, legumes, pastures. It also has a tradition, in addition to working closely with the sector, of creating collaborative arrangements. The National Competence Center for Climate Change in the Agroforestry Sector, CEREALTECH in cereals, is based in Elvas, and the InPP has come to complement the activity that is already being developed in Elvas.
As this is a sparsely populated area and one of the central objectives of the collaborative laboratories [CoLAB] is to hire highly qualified people, it is also an opportunity to bring these people to the region; and, in addition, there has been great support from the Elvas City Council throughout this installation.
What is the importance of the InPP for the Alentejo region?
The importance here has two dimensions. The fact that we are hiring more highly qualified resources, who will bring their families to the region, will create direct and indirect settlement of people and wealth in the region, which is a central aspect. The other dimension is that, although the activity of this CoLAB, being an interface laboratory with the pharmaceutical industry, has a global impact, having an activity of national and international relevance being carried out in Elvas will also, in terms of notoriety and promotion of that region, be an important aspect.
The plant protection industry will have to make a transition...
Although the central idea of this collaborative laboratory is to develop bio-based molecules for plant protection and post-harvest, and other types of alternative bio-based solutions, given the partnership with these companies that are part of CoLAB, the most relevant national problems in this field are identified and the ultimate goal is to develop solutions that are of interest to national agriculture, but that have the capacity to be marketed on a global scale. The national market is small; these solutions alone are not sustainable if they are only sold on the national market. We need to think globally and nationally in combination.
It only makes sense to have a collaborative laboratory if there is close coordination with companies.
How do you see the participation of companies in CoLAB? Do you think that the strategy followed allows InPP to develop its activity together with them?
The Interface program created the CoLABs precisely to be interface structures with companies - very industry-oriented, in particular. In the case of InPP, there are two industrial anchor partners, Bayer and Syngenta. It only makes sense to have a collaborative laboratory if there is close coordination with companies. In this case, in addition to companies, there are also production organizations, which is something that most collaborative laboratories don't have.
This set-up allows for close coordination between anchor partners, the national scientific and technological system - such as NOVA, the University of Évora [UÉvora], INIAV - and these companies, to identify the most important problems for the country and, when designing solutions, try to match them with commercialization on a global scale. This is one of the most important critical success factors for the sustainability of this collaborative laboratory.
CoLAB's sustainability will depend very much on its ability to put this into practice. The laboratory team has to be able to interact very closely with the RD&I [Research, Development & Innovation] departments of Bayer and Syngenta, in order to develop these complementary solutions to what these RD&I departments are already doing, in this field of biopesticides and biologically-based molecules for post-harvest and other types of solutions that reduce the use of phytopharmaceuticals. At a lower, pre-competitive TRL [Technology Readiness Levels] level, which can then evolve within companies to stages closer to the market.
What other factors are critical to success?
The structures of the Interface program have three funding components: state support, much of it to pay for human resources; the development of tailor-made RD&I with companies; and another dimension, which is competitive research projects.
The competitive research projects that CoLAB can develop so as not to be in competition with the anchor partners should be consortia that the partners alone would find difficult to promote. This is another critical success factor. The most successful collaborative laboratories are managing to do this, and this one will have to as well in order to be sustainable. The fact that we have companies and partners from the scientific system together, as this laboratory does, allows us to have a very strong link with companies and to have a lot of critical mass.
This combination is a great comparative advantage when it comes to competing, for example, for European projects under Horizon 2020 and now Horizon Europe. And also within the framework of major national projects: mobilizing programmes, the agendas for reindustrialization... These large consortia are a unique capacity that collaborative laboratories can have and which helps to make this third axis of competitive research sustainable.
Programs such as the Recovery and Resilience Plan...
The Recovery and Resilience Plan, the agendas for reindustrialization, which are one-off... But from a less one-off point of view, European projects under Horizon Europe are going to be an opportunity in which Portugal usually enters and in which the partners enter as ‘minor’ partners; and the CoLABs, because of their constitution, may have the critical mass to be leaders of a European consortium, or to be major partners in a European consortium.
It's a differentiating factor, where partners alone have difficulties. NOVA, UÉvora, INIAV, although they are involved in various European projects, find it more difficult to lead a European project, or be in a position of strength in a European project, than a CoLAB, due to the large critical mass it can have and, above all, its more entrepreneurial nature.
Why is the CoLAB team still not interacting closely with companies? What is missing?
Collaborative laboratories allow companies to work together pre-competitively, but the focus is on putting products or services on the market, not doing fundamental research. And it's the companies that know what needs to be put on the market. This work between the companies' R&I departments and the CoLABs is very important because, on the company side, the interlocutor is very important; if it's an interlocutor from a non-research area, they have a different perception and sensitivity than an interlocutor from the R&I department.
There is a path that is already being taken, but there is a need to strengthen this component, possibly in the strategic positioning of CoLAB. Obviously, as competing companies, they have their reservations. But there are lower, pre-competitive TRLs where it's possible to be much more efficient working in a model of this nature.
And that path...
I think this is a path that will have to be taken; it's essential for CoLAB's sustainability. If the collaborative laboratory does things that the partners are already doing, it ends up not being sustainable and the turnover is much lower. When it comes to developing tailor-made research for a large company, the amounts contracted are huge. Or if we're talking about Horizon Europe projects, the amounts are very different from an FCT [Foundation for Science and Technology] project or a regional Operational Program.
Today CoLAB is in the installation phase, but if we think about five or ten years from now, the goal is to become self-sustaining from an economic and financial point of view; to be able to pay the whole team, to expand the team, to have money to reinvest...
Although NOVA, UÉvora and INIAV are involved in various European projects, they find it more difficult to lead a European project, or to be in a position of strength in a European project, than a CoLAB, due to the large critical mass it can have and, above all, due to its more entrepreneurial nature.
What is INIAV's main role in the InPP?
INIAV is the country's main structure in this area, as it has the national reference laboratories for plant protection. There is a European network of reference laboratories, which are the first-line laboratories in each area; the European Commission only recognizes one in each member state. They then work in a network with the other member states to ensure that the technical competence, the equipment and, above all, the results that come out of a laboratory like this in Portugal are exactly the same as those that come out of Germany, Holland or anywhere else.
INIAV has all the national reference laboratories for agricultural and forestry plant diseases and pests. It also has a very important research activity, whether in the laboratory area or using digital tools for earlier detection of diseases... And then there are two more very important areas. One is genetic improvement, one of the relevant factors for Elvas; it is from Elvas that all the national plant improvement programs are coordinated and the issue of disease resistance is one of the factors. And then there's the issue of sustainability: having plant varieties that allow for more efficient use of resources and also require fewer phytopharmaceuticals.
As INIAV is the main national organization working in this area, it is very important to fit InPP into the ecosystem and give it the spin This is what makes the ecosystem stronger, more diverse, with a greater capacity to adapt and, ultimately, with a greater capacity to respond to the problems the country has in this area. These problems are very much related to climate change and globalization. More and more existing and emerging plant diseases and pests are appearing, particularly diseases transmitted by insects, or pests caused by insects themselves.
This is an area that is absolutely central to the sustainability of the country's various agricultural sectors. INIAV can help with this framework, this complementarity and this integration of CoLAB into the ecosystem and the various agricultural sectors with which INIAV is involved.
Do you think INIAV and InPP have been able to collaborate well?
I'd say it's a learning process. This issue of collaborative arrangements is new in Portugal. I was personally involved in the genesis of all the collaborative arrangements, both the collaborative laboratories and the competence centers, in this area. In 2014, we started creating the first competence centers and now, more recently, the CoLABs. And when the first competence centers were created, the researchers and the interlocutors from the companies couldn't even speak the same language.
There is a process of learning together, it's a path that is being taken. And the good interaction between the various CoLAB partners, and the activity and sustainability of CoLAB, depend a lot on the ability to do things that complement what the partners are already doing, exploiting complementarities and synergies.
O mainstream The aim of this CoLAB is to produce bio-based molecules for plant protection and post-harvest, or solutions that drastically reduce the use of synthetic molecules for these areas, which is something that the partners individually don't have the capacity to do. There is still a long way to go, which requires some learning, some reorganization on the part of everyone involved. I believe we'll get there.
What other challenges does InPP face?
Collaborative laboratories are interface structures with companies, they have to be oriented towards what can be put on the market, at times that might be interesting for companies.
We have to assume that there are legal limitations in Europe to the use of genomics and, in a context of innovation that is very close to the market, trying to work within them means losing touch with reality. This is not the position of a collaborative laboratory. I'm not saying that a university doing basic research shouldn't continue to work on these issues, because maybe in a few years' time solutions will emerge that will certainly be useful. But in the specific case of CoLAB, I think these are limitations that could take a long time to resolve and that, from the point of view of sustainability, could be a step that is not the most appropriate.
In a broad sense, the idea of working in the field of innovation in a collaborative laboratory is to take things that are already more mature and turn them into concrete solutions that can be put on the market in the short or medium term, but that are appealing to companies straight away.
What do you think will be the most important impact of the InPP?
InnovPlantProtect is working in an area that is very relevant to sustainability and can therefore have a major impact. The big impact will be when CoLAB manages to put bio-based molecules or solutions on the market for plant protection and post-harvest, which solve these serious problems we have and which are of great interest to us on this path to more sustainable food production, but which can be marketed on a global scale. We're a small country; it's not possible to put a new molecule on the market to be sold only in Portugal.
The central area of activity of this CoLAB is fundamental for the country and for Europe, not only today, but also from a prospective point of view, since it is expected that there will be more and more problems related to plant protection and more difficulty in using synthetic phytopharmaceuticals. It is also very much in line with Europe's two main goals for the next ten years - a greener Europe and a more digital Europe - and with the main objectives of the Green Deal and Farm to Fork. This is another reason for motivation and a guarantee that the laboratory has legs.
Interview published first hand by Rural Life, January 2022 issue.
InPP researchers mark the International Day of Women and Girls in Science 2022 by uniting on the Guadiana River and warning: water is life and billions of people in poor countries still don't have access to drinking water and sanitation.
“This year, the theme of International Day of Women and Girls in Science (IDWGS) is ‘Water Unites Us’. On this day, we want to give a voice to those who don't have one. We alert you to the lack of water conditions in poor countries. By 2030, billions of people will have no access to sanitary conditions. Together, let's be an agent of change!” say the InnovPlantProtect (InPP) researchers, adding: “We should care about water regardless of whether it's a dry or wet year. Water has been synonymous with life on this planet from the very beginning. This is why water unites us.”
IDWGS is celebrated annually around the world on February 11. InPP researchers captured this photo at lunchtime on February 10, 2022, next to the Guadiana River, one of the largest that runs through Portugal. InPP is a private non-profit association dedicated to developing bio-inspired solutions for crop protection against pests and diseases. It is based in Elvas, a small town in the interior of Portugal, very close to the River Guadiana and the Spanish border.
The theme of IDWGS 2022 is “Equity, Diversity and Inclusion: Water Unites Us”, in recognition of “the role of women and girls in science, not only as beneficiaries, but also as agents of change, including with a view to accelerating progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Drinking Water and Sanitation)”. According to the organization, “February 11 is celebrated globally in different ways, big and small. We hope that our humble action contributes to the collective voices on Equality in Science!
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