InnovPlantProtect (InPP) team identifies the most promising materials for encapsulating biological protection agents to control emerging pests and diseases in agricultural crops. Natural products of animal origin, from marine and terrestrial sources, as well as synthetic ones, have been the most widely used due to their low toxicity and biodegradability, the researchers conclude in a systematic review article now published in the scientific journalACS Agricultural Science & Technology. But are these solutions scalable and economically viable?
Biological protection agents, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi or biomolecules with active substances capable of preventing or controlling or suppressing pests and diseases in plants, have been considered more sustainable alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides. However, these agents are very sensitive to atmospheric conditions and begin to degrade due to humidity, temperature and solar radiation.
Due to the sensitivity of the active substances, the challenge is to develop a biodegradable and sustainable material that envelops, i.e. encapsulates the biological agents, protecting them so that they can be applied effectively to Mediterranean agricultural crops. The encapsulation of biological agents brings several advantages for the agricultural producer, namely ease of handling, controlled application of lower and less frequent dosages, greater specificity for the target, prolonged stability and maximized permanence, which leads to greater effectiveness of the biological agent in combating pests and diseases.
The team, from Formulations and Process Development Department of the InPP, reviewed 98 scientific articles, published between 2013 and 2022, and concluded that “micro and nanoencapsulation of biological protection agents using materials from marine, terrestrial or synthetic sources should provide agricultural producers with access to safer and more sustainable plant protection products”. The review article [1], entitled Micro- and Nanocarriers for Encapsulation of Biological Plant Protection Agents: A Systematic Literature Review, has just been published in the scientific journal ACS Agricultural Science & Technology.
The four researchers analyzed the studies with a view to “identifying the materials most commonly used to encapsulate biological agents for pest and disease control with greater efficacy, greater systemic activity and less environmental impact”. The researchers also analyzed the encapsulation methods and techniques currently being used by research teams in various parts of the world.
“The data presented in this article indicate that materials based on polymers, of natural or synthetic origin, and inorganic materials can improve the stability and performance of a wide range of bioinspired active substances,” say the researchers.
However, the team warns that “although research interest in these encapsulating materials is increasing, the current level of knowledge does not yet allow for a totally fair and unbiased assessment of the pros and cons that will arise from the use of micro and nano systems for encapsulating biological agents and their use in agriculture”, adding that “a better understanding of the fate and long-term safety of these products is needed”.
“Although the technologies presented in this review exhibit promising efficacy and safety profiles, it is unlikely that all of them will be scalable and transformable into economically viable solutions to current and future agricultural problems. More research and development of efforts against crop pests and diseases is needed, focusing on strategies that truly take into account the needs of farmers in agricultural fields, as only then will innovation be possible,” the team concludes.
Original article
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology Journal
Tânia Pinto, Cláudia Silva, Sónia Siquenique and David Learmonth
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.2c00113
[1] In a review article, researchers critically summarize what has already been studied and published by other scientists.
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