By the end of spring, the National Vector Insect Monitoring System project team will be working on the Xylella fastidiosa (SNM_XylellaVt), funded by the PRR, challenges citizens to keep an eye on plant foams: by detecting foams on plants, recording the data in the app and filling in the online form, it helps them to create an up-to-date map of the temporal and spatial distribution of the appearance of the juvenile stage of 4 species of leafhoppers in Portugal, which, once adult, are responsible for carrying the quarantine bacterium Xylella fastidiosafrom one plant to another.
The presence of the bacteria has already been detected in Portugal Xylella fastidiosa in four species of leafhoppers in mainland Portugal, but little is known about the current temporal and spatial distribution of these insects in our country. With this in mind, the project team SNM_XylellaVt, challenges citizens to be on the lookout for foams, located mainly on the stems of plants, in their daily lives, on vacation in Portugal, or when walking in natural spaces, olive groves, vineyards, pastures, orchards or in the montado. Foams are signs of the presence of these insect species that are vectors for the transmission of the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa.
Left and center photos: Examples of foams found in plants; Right photo: foam leafhopper, an insect that transmits the bacteria. Xylella fastidiosa
“With the help of all citizens, we will be able to understand the population dynamics of insect vectors and their relationship with plants, which could help us plan measures to combat Xylella fastidiosa, preventing the spread of this bacterium. This is very relevant given that we don't have a direct curative treatment for this bacterium, which makes its control extremely difficult,” explains Ilaria Marengo, a partner in the SNM_XylellaVt project and researcher at InPP. “Destroying infected plants and controlling insect vectors are currently the main measures to prevent the spread of the bacterium,” she adds.
Everyone can contribute to the “Help us save your plants!” campaign that is currently underway: all you have to do is, when you spot the leafhopper foams, take photos of the foams, located on the stems of the plants, and of the plant where you found them, record the data in the ODK Collect 2024 application available for your cell phone (see image below), record the date and geographical location - if possible with GPS coordinates - or alternatively, submit this data using a online form on the project platform. Once you have submitted your data, you will be able to view it on the available map aqui.
Steps on how to install and use the ODK Collect 2024 application on your cell phone or tablet. To install, go to the guide on the DGAV website here.
The “Help us save your plants!” campaign is being developed as part of the SNM_XylellaVt project, which is currently underway. SNM_XylellaVt, led by the Centro Regional Coordination and Development Commission (CCDR CENTRO), and in which InPP is a partner, aims to contain the disease to the areas identified so far and to stop it spreading to the rest of Portugal. To this end, it is creating a network for monitoring the X. fastidiosa and its vector insect(s), in particular the foam leafhoppers, with the scientific name Philaenus spumarius, Philaenus tesselatus, Neophilaenus lineatus e Cicadella viridis, This will enable the development of new tools, such as risk forecasting models that will allow the National Agricultural Warning Service (SNAA) to warn in real time about the economic attack levels (NEA) for these insects, and prevent the spread of infection to crops that are relevant to national agriculture.
In 2019, the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa was first detected in Portugal, in the metropolitan area of Porto, and has since been detected in other areas of mainland Portugal. This bacterium attacks a wide range of plants, posing a risk to agricultural and forestry crops of significant economic importance.
For more information on the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa access the website of the Directorate-General for Food and Veterinary (DGAV) here.
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